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  Relation to English
> Parts of Speech

  Subjective Noun (-or)
  Subjective Adjective (-ax)
  Objective Noun (-endus)
  Objective Adjective (-abilis)
  Present Participle (-ens)
  Perfect Participle
  Supine (-tum)
> Summary
  An Example

Summary

I've managed to confuse even myself with all these different parts of speech, so I thought I'd make a little table to summarize things.

part of speechLatinEnglish
verb---ago-
subjective nounSNSactoractor
subjective adjectiveSAPagaxagacious
objective nounONPagendusagend
objective adjectiveOASactabilisactable
present participleSAPagentagent
perfect participleOASactusact
supine-NSactumaction

The three columns in the middle tell whether the part of speech is

subjective (S) or objective (O);
a noun (N) or an adjective (A);
derived from the present stem (P) or the supine (S).

I should point out that “subjective” and “objective” are made-up names that indicate whether the part of speech refers to a subject or object of the verb.

In addition to deriving nouns and adjectives from verbs, as above, it is also possible to derive nouns from adjectives, and vice versa.

The most important method for doing so is not really a derivation at all, it is just the simple fact that adjectives can, without modification, be used as nouns. That method was used to produce the objective noun from the gerundive, and is also commonly used to produce nouns from the two participles.

Two other methods, using the suffixes “-ius” and “-itas”, are described in the essay on the subjective adjective.

Applying the methods as widely as possible, we obtain the following.

gerundiveOAPagendus-
from present participleSNPagentagent
from perfect participleONSactusact
 
from subjective nounSASactoriusactory
from subjective adjective-NPagacitasagacity
from objective adjective-NSactabilitasactability
from present participle-NPagentitasagency (?)

 

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@ April (2002)